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India is celebrating the discovery of the Raman effect by Sir C.V. Raman today. On 28th February every year since 1987, people celebrate and raise awareness of the importance of science in our lives by marking National Science Day.  The   National Council for Science and Technology Communication ( NCSTC) suggested in 1986 that the Indian government proclaim February 28 to be National Science Day.   Our annual National Science Day celebration features a different theme each year to highlight a unique message. The National Science Day theme for 2024 is "Indigenous Technology for Viksit Bharat," which was introduced by Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh. The theme emphasizes educating the public about science and technology while developing their capacity for practical application. The theme honours India's indigenous technologies and draws attention to their accomplishments and needs for the country's development. It encourages India's independence. The theme ca...

Anatomy of cervix: Cervix is located in inside the pelvic cavity . Begins at the base of uterus and extends downwards onto the top part of vagina. Anteriorly the cervix lies between the bladder and the bowel posteriorly. Laterally the cervix is close to uterus and uterine arteries superiorly and laterally. Cervix comes from the Latin word NECK , as neck connects head to the lower body the same way cervix connects uterus to the vagina i.e. birth canal. Cervix is wider in the middle and narrow at the both ends, and opens in to uterus (top) and vagina (bottom). Length: 4cm approx. Diameter: 3cm approx. Size of cervix differs at each stage of a women’s life, parous woman (A woman who has given birth at least once) has cervix larger than that of Nulliparous woman (A woman who has never given birth). A woman at reproductive age has significantly lager cervix than of a postmenopausal woman. Vagina, Cervix and uterus are located behind bladder and urethra and in front of rectu...

  Types of cancer based on their location  Based on their origin cancers are given names or based on the name of the organ, tissue, cells they infected. Suppose lungs are infected with cancer it named as Lung cancer, besides cells also infect with cancer, like epithelial cells, squamous cells.   Overview of types of cancers: 1.      Leukemia causes blood cancer. Solids lumps are not formed in blood, instead amount of white blood cells increases abnormally , this limits oxygen supply to the normal cells. 2.    Lymphoma cancer originates in the immune cell; T-cells and B-cells. These lymphocytes develop abnormally in the lymph nodes and lymph vessels. Lymphoma is of 2 types: ·    Hodgkin lymphoma: Abnormal lymphocytes called Reed-Sternberg cells are developed from the B-cells. ·    Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: This cancer is formed from B-cells or T-cells and develops quickly or slowly.        ...

BMI's association with increased CANCER risk Higher BMI,  independent of the presence of a cardiometabolic illness, is a risk factor for several cancers, including colorectal, renal, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer. What is BMI? Body mass index  (BMI) is a tool to measure obesity. A person’s BMIS is calculated by dividing weight (in kilograms) by height (in meters) squared (commonly expressed as kg/m 2 ).  References:   The Hindu News Paper NIH

  CANCER: Definition - uncontrolled division or growth of cells in the body, results in cancer. Why cells divide? As cells grow they become old and die, new cells replace them. Cells divide to make tissues, which play a major role in building our body system. How cancer develops? During cell division cells adapt to a series of events, and these events define a cell cycle. There is a chance that during Cell division, cell cycle can tend to make mistakes or regulate the cells to divide uncontrollably, which results in cancer growth. Normal cells divide infinitely and gives raise to cancer cells. Mutation within the genes makes cells imbalance and this is also one of the reasons for origin of cancer. DNA damage leads to mutation in the genes, and this damage of DNA is due to the harmful environmental factors and lifestyle. Ultraviolent rays coming from sun also damage DNA creating thymine dimers and alkylated bases. How cancer cells differ from normal cells? Division o...